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Our findings indicate that tumor-derived exosomes expressing PD-L1 may be an important mediator of tumor immune escape. Exosomes can impair immune functions by reducing cytokine production and inducing apoptosis in CD8 + T cells. PD-L1 was present on exosomes isolated from the plasma of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and its abundance in exosomes was correlated with PD-L1 positivity in tumor tissues. Both forced expression of PD-L1 on cells without PD-L1 and treatment with exosomes containing PD-L1 enhanced tumor growth in vivo. IFN-γ secretion was restored by PD-L1 knockout or masking on the exosomes. Exosomes containing PD-L1 inhibited interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion by Jurkat T cells. The abundance of PD-L1 on exosomes represented the quantity of PD-L1 expression on cell surfaces. Here, we show that exosomes derived from lung cancer cells express PD-L1 and play a role in immune escape by reducing T-cell activity and promoting tumor growth. Although PD-1/PD-L1 treatment has yielded clinical benefits in several types of cancer, further studies are required to clarify predictive biomarkers for drug efficacy and to understand the fundamental mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction between host and tumor cells.
FLOWJO SOFTWARE TREE STAR DOWNLOAD
License: ShareWare Download Treestar FlowJo 10.6.2 – (166.Programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway blockade is a promising new cancer therapy.

FLOWJO SOFTWARE TREE STAR MANUALS
The app includes interactive help guides and manuals as well as tooltips that explain the basics of each function.Īlso recommended to you Download CyberLink PowerDVD Ultra Overall, FlowJo is a user-friendly software application specifically designed to provide you with all the tools you need for in-depth analysis of flow cytometry data. The “Statistics” option allows you to calculate the population frequency (Freq.), Coefficient of Variation (CV), and Median Fluorescence Intensity (MFI).
FLOWJO SOFTWARE TREE STAR HOW TO
The design of the main window allows you not only to explore the basic functionality of FlowJo, but also to understand how to correctly determine solution concentration by titration.įlowJo uses many advanced strobing tools that make it easy to create subsets until the collection consists only of cells that require a three-dimensional diagram or analyzed statistics. For each sample, you can perform various actions, such as adding keywords or statistics, displaying the datasets in the visualization window with spatial expansion, and merging files together. By right-clicking on a sample, you can change the group settings including name, color, font style, role, sample inclusion criteria, and destination. The Group section allows you to organize the samples in the order in which you want to analyze them. In addition, you can drag and drop samples or strips in the workspace. The application provides you with the means to configure each group with the preferred tasks that you normally use. The FlowJo interface is user-friendly and consists of a main workspace and several tapes that contain tabbed strips that allow you to scroll through different strips to access different tasks.

Features:Ĭustomizable and easy to navigate interface Performing flow cytometry analysis is critical for the diagnosis of health disorders, especially blood cancer, but can be useful for other specialized research and clinical applications.
